Effects of potential detoxifying agents on growth performance and deoxynivalenol (DON)urinary balance characteristics of nursery pigs fed DON-contaminatedwheat
H.L. Frobose, E. W. Stephenson, M.D. Tokach, J.M. DeRouchey, J. C. Woodworth…
Journal of Animal Science, Volume 95, Issue 1, January2017, Pages 327–337, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016.0664
Published: 01 January 2017
实验设计
使用初始体重13.4公斤的仔猪，试验期21天，饲喂以下六种饲料：
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正对照：使用正常小麦。全价料呕吐毒素0.5ppm。
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正对照加1%商业脱毒剂Product V。
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负对照：使用呕吐毒素6ppm的小麦（全价料呕吐毒素4ppm）。
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负对照加1%商业脱毒剂Product V。
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负对照加1%焦亚硫酸钠。
实验结果
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高呕吐毒素饲料明显降低日增重、采食量，料肉比明显变差。
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商业脱毒剂Product V没有改善饲养效果。
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高呕吐毒素饲料添加1%焦亚硫酸钠，制粒后，呕吐毒素检测含量降低92%。
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高呕吐毒素饲料添加焦亚硫酸钠，改善了生长速度、采食量、料肉比。
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高呕吐毒素饲料添加焦亚硫酸钠后，料肉比和生长速度比正对照还好。
结论：焦亚硫酸钠在湿热的制粒条件下可以结合饲料中的呕吐毒素，对解决呕吐毒素问题效果明显。
英文摘要
Two experiments wereconducted to evaluate potential detoxifying agents on growth of nursery pigsfed deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diets. Naturally DON-contaminated wheat(6 mg/kg) was used to achieve desired DON levels. In a 21-d study, 238 pigs (13.4± 1.8 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 + 1factorial arrangement. Diets were: 1) Positive control (PC; < 0.5 mg/kgDON), 2) PC + 1.0% Product V (Nutriquest LLC, Mason City, IA), 3) Negativecontrol (NC; 4.0 mg/kg DON), 4) NC + 1.0% Product V, and 5) NC + 1.0% sodiummetabisulfite (SMB; Samirian Chemicals, Campbell, CA). There were 6 or 7replicate pens/treatment and 7 pigs/pen. Analyzed DON was decreased by 92% when pelleted with SMB,but otherwise matched formulated levels. Overall, a DON × Product Vinteraction was observed for ADG (P < 0.05) with a tendency foran interaction for ADFI (P < 0.10). As anticipated, DON reduced(P < 0.001) ADG and ADFI, but the interaction was driven by evenpoorer growth when Product V was added to NC diets. Pigs fed NC diets had 10%poorer G:F (P < 0.001) than PC-fed pigs. Reductions in ADG dueto DON were most distinct (50%) during the initial period. Adding SMB to NC diets improved(P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and G:F, and improved (P < 0.02)ADG and G:F compared to the PC diet. A urinary balance study wasconducted using diets 3 to 5 from Exp. 1 to evaluate Product V and SMB on DONurinary metabolism. A 10 d adaptation was followed by a 7 d collection using 24barrows in a randomized complete block design. Pigs fed NC + SMB diet hadgreater urinary DON output (P < 0.05) than pigs fed NC + ProductV, with NC pigs intermediate. Daily DON excretion was lowest (P < 0.05)in the NC + SMB pigs. However, degradation of DON-sulfonate back to the parentDON molecule was observed as pigs fed NC + SMB excreted more DON than theyconsumed (164% of daily DON intake), greater (P <0.001) than pigs fedthe NC (59%) or NC + Product V (48%). Overall, Product V did not alleviate DONeffects on growth nor did it reduce DON absorption and excretion. However, hydrothermally processing DON-contaminated diets with 1.0% SMB restored ADFI and improved G:F.Even so, the urinary balance experiment revealed that some of the convertedDON-sulfonate can degrade back to DON under physiological conditions. Whilefurther research is needed to discern the stability of the DON-sulfonate, SMBappears promising to restore performance in pelleted DON-contaminated diets.
焦亚硫酸钠在湿热的制粒条件下可以结合饲料中的呕吐毒素，是控制呕吐毒素的有效添加剂。这一技术的使用，使得猪料中可以使用呕吐毒素偏高的原料，而不影响猪的生长性能。
另外，有其他试验发现，保育料中添加0.25-0.5%的焦亚硫酸钠，有改善保育猪生产性能的效果。本次试验中，呕吐毒素超标的饲料添加1%焦亚硫酸钠，仔猪生产性能超过了正对照组，显示焦亚硫酸钠的作用不仅是控制了呕吐毒素，而且有额外的促生长效果。
焦亚硫酸钠是食品工业中常用的保鲜剂，有防腐、防霉、抗氧化等作用。价格不高，容易购买。在中国、美国、澳大利亚等国家，焦亚硫酸钠都已被批准作为饲料添加剂使用。
编译：刘海君
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