在丹麦,断奶仔猪的腹泻控制通常依靠高剂量的锌(2500ppm),但在2022年6月以后,高锌不允许使用了。抗生素只允许用于治疗目的,并受到严格的监管,哪一栏的猪需要用抗生素进行治疗,都要登记注册。
去掉高剂量氧化锌,以及抗生素使用的严格限制,必然增加断奶仔猪的拉稀风险。
丹麦测试了几种不同的抗拉稀办法,使用有机酸等添加剂,饲料的组成、原料的使用(例如血浆蛋白粉),等等。
降低蛋白水平是一个有效的减少拉稀的办法,但会降低猪的生产性能。最近的研究结果显示,6-9公斤阶段的断奶仔猪日粮,蛋白从19%降低到15%,拉稀减少60%。蛋白从19%降到16.5%,拉稀减少30%。
正在进行的一个实验,是在生长肥育阶段(30-115公斤)增加日粮蛋白和氨基酸的水平,以补偿保育阶段因为低蛋白造成的生产性能损失。实验结果出来后会及时发表。敬请关注英赛特公众号,以便及时得到更新的信息。
进一步的试验,在降低蛋白减少拉稀时,一个新的理想蛋白和氨基酸平衡的计算方式,将展示给大家。关注公众号,及时获取新的试验结果。
英文原文
The Danish Perspective to Remove Medicinal Zinc and Reducing the Use of Antibiotics in Swine Production
Hanne Maribo
Journal of Animal Science, Volume 99, Issue Supplement_1, May 2021, Pages 103–104
Published: 07 May 2021
Abstract Diarrhoea in weaners has been commonly controlled by adding medicinal zinc (2500 ppm), but by June 2022 this was no longer allowed. In Denmark, antibiotics are accepted for therapeutic use only and usage is registered on pen level and is monitored by Danish authorities. This increases the risk of post-weaning diarrhoea. SEGES has tested several tools, additives e.g. organic acids, diet composition, raw materials e.g. blood plasma. Lowering the protein level in the diet post-weaning is very efficient, but adversely affects productivity. The latest results show on average that a reduction in protein from 19% to 15% in the weaner diet (6-9kg) results in a 60% reduction in diarrhoea; however, it also leads to a productivity loss of 1-1,5 euro. Reducing the protein level from 19% to 16,5% reduces the frequency of diarrhoea by 30% and the productivity loss by approx. 0,3 euro. A trial testing the possibility for compensation for this loss in the weaner period by adding extra protein and amino acids in the finisher diet (30–115 kg) is running now and preliminary results will be presented. Further results from trials reducing diarrhoea by reducing protein, a new way to calculate ideal protein and amino acid balances as well as results from concept tests with weaners will be presented. Further new results evaluating ideal protein and amino acid balances will be presented.
英赛特公司的营养师根据多年的实践经验,建议保育猪阶段适当降低蛋白水平、补充高剂量的氨基酸,在不显著影响生产性能的前提下,减少营养性拉稀。同时,通过氧化锌和抗生素的替代物的使用,直接解决拉稀问题。单纯靠降蛋白,可以在一定程度上减少拉稀,但更有效的抗拉稀方案,肯定是添加直接抑菌杀菌的替锌替抗物质。
目前,在中国,断奶乳猪料上仍然允许使用2公斤氧化锌(总锌1600ppm),但这个剂量远远不够,需要同时使用单宁来补充氧化锌剂量的不足。
当氧化锌完全禁用后,我们将给大家推荐新的方案,完全替代氧化锌。
欧盟在饲料中禁止使用抗生素以后,杀菌型酸化剂成为一个重要的替抗物质。普通酸化剂杀菌力很弱。苯甲酸是一个很强的抗菌剂。苯甲酸钙克服了苯甲酸的刺激性气味等问题,同时提供了有机钙源。肠溶型苯甲酸(可肥酸50)在消化道前端不吸收,可以在小肠中后端保持高的浓度,提高杀菌效果。根据现场治疗试验结果,1公斤可肥酸50可以达到3公斤普通苯甲酸的抗拉稀效果。
赛金素(肠溶型肉豆蔻酸)是替代抗生素的理想产品,目前在很多饲料厂得到普遍应用。
编译|刘海君
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